Rasch Research Papers, Explorations & Explanations

Full Text Online Here

Georg Rasch - Research Papers
Research Papers and Memoranda (Benjamin D. Wright, etc.)
Measurement Essentials (Wright & Stone, Wide Range Inc., 1999)
Test Insights from Measurement Research Associates (Lunz et al., 2008)
Rasch Models for Measurement in Educational and Psychological Research
(Education Research and Perspectives. Vol. 9, No. 1 June 1982)
Popular Measurement (Issues 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1)
Rasch Research Notes
Rasch Videos
Rasch Audios
Old Rasch Forum: Rasch on the Run 2006-2014 - Current Rasch Forum
Rasch software is listed at www.rasch.org/software.htm.

RESEARCH PAPERS AND MEMORANDA

Benjamin D. Wright, ca. 2000
(1926 - 2015)

#1 Sample-Free Test Calibration and Person Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright, 1967. For complete text see Memo #1.
#19 Best Test and Self-Tailored Testing. Benjamin D. Wright & Graham A. Douglas, 1975 . For complete text see Memo #19 PDF (2.9 MB).
#20b Conditional (CMLE) versus Unconditional (JMLE) Procedures for Sample-Free Item Analysis. Benjamin D. Wright & Graham A. Douglas, 1977 For complete text see Memo #20 PDF (1.6 MB).
#22 Detecting and Correcting Test Item Bias with a Logistic Response Model. Benjamin D. Wright, Ronald J. Mead & Robert Draba, 1976. For complete text see Memo # 22.
#23c BICAL: Calibrating Items with the Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright, Ronald J. Mead & Susan R. Bell, 1980. For complete text see Memo # 23c PDF (15 MB).
#24 The Rasch Model as Additive Conjoint Measurement. Richard Perline, Benjamin D. Wright & Howard Wainer, 1977. Memo # 24. Published as Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979, 3:2, 237-255.
#25 The Identification and Interpretation of Item Bias. Robert E. Draba, 1977. For complete text see Memo # 25.
#26 Verifying the Unconditional Estimation (JMLE) Procedure for Rasch Item Analysis with Simulated Data. Benjamin D. Wright & Susan R. Bell, 1977. For complete text see Memo #26 PDF (151 MB).
#29 KIDMAP: Person-by-Item Interaction Mapping. Benjamin D. Wright, Ronald J. Mead & Larry H. Ludlow, 1980. For complete text see Memo # 29 PDF (504 KB).
#33a Fundamental Measurement in Social Science and Education. Benjamin D. Wright, 1983. For complete text see Memo #33a.
#33b Additivity in Psychological Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright, 1985. For complete text see Memo #33b PDF (500 KB).
#34 The Two Category Model for Objective Measurement. Graham A.Douglas & Benjamin D. Wright, 1986. (Courtesy of William P. Fisher, Jr.) For complete text see Memo #34 PDF (2 MB).
#35 The Rating Scale Model for Objective Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright & Graham A.Douglas, 1986. For complete text see Memo #35 PDF (3 MB).
#38 Bayes' Answer to Perfection. Benjamin D. Wright, 1986. For complete text see Memo #38 PDF (1 MB).
#39 Item Bias: Mantel-Haenszel and the Rasch Model. John M. Linacre & Benjamin D. Wright, 1987. For complete text as PDF images, see Memo #39 PDF (500 KB).
#40 Computer-Adaptive Testing (CAT) by Microcomputer (with computer program - UCAT). John M. Linacre, 1987. For complete text see Memo # 40.
#41 Despair and Hope for Educational Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright, 1984. For complete text see Memo # 41.
#42 Solving Measurement Problems with the Rasch model. . Benjamin D. Wright, 1977. For complete text see Memo # 42.
#43 Item Banks: What, Why, How.. Benjamin D. Wright & Susan R. Bell, 1984. For complete text see Memo # 43.
#44 Observations Are Always Ordinal; Measurements, However, Must Be Interval.. Benjamin D. Wright & John M. Linacre, 1989. For complete text see Memo # 44.
#45 The Efficacy of Unconditional Maximum Likelihood (JMLE) Bias Correction. Benjamin D. Wright, 1988. For complete text see Memo # 45.
#46 A Procedure for Sample-Free Item Analysis. Benjamin D. Wright & Nargis Panchapakesan, 1969. Memo # 46. Published as Educational and Psychological Measurement, April 1969, vol. 29, no. 1, 23-48.
#47 Measuring the Impact of Judge Severity on Examination Scores. Mary E. Lunz, Benjamin D. Wright & John M. Linacre, 1990. For complete text see Memo # 47.
#48 Summary Equations on Notes for a Rasch Model for Likert Scales. David Andrich, 1977. For complete text see Memo # 48.

Stuart Luppescu, David Andrich, Ben Wright, Mike Linacre, ca. 1997
#49 Testing the Questions - The Rasch Model and Item Banking. Bruce Choppin, 1979. For complete text see Memo # 49.
#50 The Structure and Stability of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM^SM). Linacre, Heinemann, Wright, Granger, Hamilton, 1994. For complete text see Memo # 50.
#53 Reliability in Rasch Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright & Mark H. Stone, 1988. For complete text see Measurement Essentials, Chapter 19.
#60 Instantaneous Measurement and Diagnosis (KeyFIM). John M. Linacre, 1996. For complete text see Memo # 60.
#61 A Facets Model for Judgmental Scoring. John M. Linacre, Benjamin D. Wright, Mary E. Lunz, 1990. For complete text see Memo # 61.
#62 Measurement for Social Science and Education: History of Social Science Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright, 1997. For complete text see Memo # 62.
#64 Fundamental Measurement for Psychology. Benjamin D. Wright, 1997. For complete text see Memo # 64.
#66 Fundamental Measurement for Outcome Evaluation. Benjamin D. Wright, 1997. For complete text see Memo # 66.
#67 Composition Analysis: Teams, Packs, Chains. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994. For complete text see Memo # 67.
#68 Diseño de mejores pruebas, utilizando la Técnica de Rasch. Text in Spanish. John M. Linacre, 1998. For complete text see Memo # 68.
#69 Computer-Adaptive Testing CAT: A Methodology Whose Time Has Come. John M. Linacre, 2000. For complete text see Memo # 69 PDF (480 KB).
#70 The Key to Objective Measurement. Geofferey N. Masters, 2001. For complete text see Memo # 70 PDF PDF (180 KB).
#71 Measurement, Meaning and Morality. John M. Linacre, 2005. For complete text see Memo # 71 PDF (205 KB), Powerpoint.
#73 Early References to the Rasch One Parameter Logistic Measurement Model. 1973. compiled by David L. Passmore. For complete text see Memo # 73 PDF (295 KB).
#74 Investigating Fit with the Rasch Model. Benjamin D. Wright and Ronald J. Mead, 1979. For complete text see Memo # 74 PDF (124 KB).
#75 Defining Professions with Rasch Paired-Comparisons: New Instruments for Better, Faster and Easier Task Analyses. 2002, IOMW-XI. Gregory E. Stone. For complete text see Memo # 75 PDF (380 KB).
#76 Developments in Item Banking.. Bruce Choppin, 1976. For complete text see Memo # 76 PDF (900 KB).
#77 How to Set Standards. Benjamin D. Wright, 1993. For complete text see Memo # 77 PDF (700 KB).
#78 Adventures in Questionnaire Design. Benjamin D. Wright, Marci M. Enos, Matthew Enos, John M. Linacre, 2001. For complete text see Memo # 78 PDF (7 MB).
#79 A Rasch Paired Comparison of Total Physician Work. Based on the research of Dr. Robert Florin, 1999. For text, see The Identification of Potentially Misvalued Work RVUs.
#80 An Anatomy of Error. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994. For complete text see Memo # 80 PDF (180 KB).
#81 How do Rasch and 3PL differ? Benjamin D. Wright, 1995. For complete text see Memo # 81 PDF (260 KB).
#82 The National Monitoring of Academic Standards. Bruce Choppin, 1978. For complete text see Memo # 82 PDF (1.1 MB).
#83 Estimating Criterion-Referenced Standards For Multiple-Choice Examinations. F.P. Hughes, C.F. Schumacher, B.D. Wright, 1984. For complete text see Memo # 83 PDF (230 KB).
#84 Criterion Item Standard Setting. M.E. Grosse, B.D. Wright, 1987. For complete text see Memo # 84 PDF (185 KB).
#85 2011 LTRC Samuel J. Messick Memorial Lecture: Constructing Valid Performance Assessments - The View from the Shoulders of the Giants. J.M. Linacre, 2011. For complete text see Memo # 85 PDF (1.6 MB).
#86 Adaptive Testing, Information And The Partial Credit Model: A Simulation Study. R.J. Adams, 1987. For complete text see Memo # 86 PDF (5.4 MB).
#87 How to Write a Rasch Paper: a Classroom Project Roger Graves, 2005. For complete text see Memo # 87 PDF (266 KB).
#88 The Rasch Model for Test Construction and Person Measurement. Benjamin D. Wright, March 14, 1978. Presented at Fifth Annual Conference and Exhibition on Measurement and Evaluation. Office of the Los Angeles Count Suerpintendent of School, Division of Program Evaluation, Research and Pupil Services. For complete text see Memo # 88 PDF (10 MB).
A Simple Guide to the Item Response Theory (IRT) and Rasch Modeling. Chong Ho Yu, Ph.D., 2013.
Rasch (Dichotomous JMLE) Estimation Demonstration Excel Spreadsheet. Mark H. Moulton, Ph.D., Educational Data Systems, 2003. www.eddata.com
Rasch (Dichotomous JMLE) Estimation Demonstration Excel Spreadsheet. Mark H. Moulton, Ph.D., Educational Data Systems, 2003. www.eddata.com
Rasch Rating-Scale (Polytomous JMLE) Estimation Demonstration Excel Spreadsheet. John M. Linacre (based on Mark H. Moulton's), 2011.
About Psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud. 5 Lectures given at Clark University, 1909.

Papers by and about Georg Rasch

#2001 Rasch Lectures. (Introduction) In honor of Georg Rasch's 100 years birthday on the 21th of September, 2001. Edited by Lina Wølk Olsen and Svend Kreiner, Copenhagen Business School, September, 2001. For complete text see Memo # 2001 PDF (300 KB).
#196x On Objectivity and Specificity of the Probabilistic Basis for Testing. Georg Rasch, n.d. (Courtesy of Lina Wølk Olsen and Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 196x PDF (1.7 MB).
#196y Estimation of Parameters and Control of the Model for Two Response Categories. Georg Rasch, n.d. (Courtesy of Lina Wølk Olsen and Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 196y PDF (1.5 MB).
#196z On Objectivity and Models for Measuring. Georg Rasch, n.d. Lecture notes edited by Jon Stene. (Courtesy of Lina Wølk Olsen and Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 196z PDF (1.0 MB).
#1960 On General Laws and the Meaning of Measurement in Psychology. Georg Rasch, 1960. Paper at the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Statistical Laboratory, University of California, June 20-July 30, 1960.
Rasch, G. (1961). On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology. In J. Neyman (Ed.), Proceedings of the fourth Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability: Volume IV: Contributions to biology and problems of medicine (pp. 321-333). Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
For complete text see Project Euclid.
#1962 Combinatorial Problems in A Class of Statistical Models. Georg Rasch, 1962, Colloquium, Aarhus, August 1-10. (Courtesy of Lina Wølk Olsen and Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 1962 PDF (1.0 MB).
#1963 The Poisson Process as a Model for a Diversity of Behavioral Phenomena. Georg Rasch, 1963. International Congress of Psychology. Washington, D.C. - Aug. 1963. For complete text see Memo # 1963 PDF (11 MB).
#1964 Objective Comparisons. Georg Rasch, 1964. Lectures given at the UNESCO Seminar, Voksenåsen, Oslo. For complete text see Memo # 1964 PDF (1 MB).
#1964 An Individual-Centered Approach to Item Analysis with Two Categories of Answers. Georg Rasch, 1964. UNESCO Reader(?). For complete text see Memo # 1964-2 PDF (475 KB).
#1966 An Informal Report on the Present State of a Theory of Objectivity in Comparisons. Georg Rasch, 1966. Proceedings of the NUFFIC International Summer Session in Science at "Het Oude Hof", The Hague, 14.-28. July. For complete text see Memo # 1966 PDF (900 KB).
#1966-2 An Individualistic Approach to Item Analysis. Georg Rasch, 1968. Excerpt from Readings in Mathematical Social Science. For complete text see Memo # 1966-2 PDF (400 KB). Revised and published later as: Rasch, G. An item analysis which takes individual differences into account. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1966, 19, 49-57.
#1967 Some Remarks concerning Inference about Items with More than Two Categories. Georg Rasch, Jon Stene, 1967, with annotations by Benjamin Wright. For complete text see Memo # 1967 PDF (1.3 MB).
#1969 Models For Description Of The Time-Space Distribution Of Traffic Accidents. Georg Rasch, 1969. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Symposium on the Use of Statistical Methods in the Analysis of Road Accidents held at the Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, United Kingdom, on 14th, 15th and 16th April, 1969. For complete text see Memo # 1969 PDF (6 MB).
#1972 Objectivity In Social Sciences: A Method Problem. By Georg Rasch, Professor at the University of Copenhagen. Retirement lecture, 9 March 1972. (Translated by Cecilie Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 1972.
#1973 On Specific Distribution for Testing of Hypotheses. Georg Rasch, 1973. Paper presented at Conference on Foundational Questions in Statistical Inference, Aarhus, Denmark, May 7-12, 1973. (Courtesy of Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 1973 PDF (96 KB).
#1973-2 The notion of redundancy and its use as a quantitative measure of the deviation between a statistical hypothesis and a set of observational data. Per Martin-Löf, 1973, with comments by Georg Rasch. Paper presented at Conference on Foundational Questions in Statistical Inference, Aarhus, Denmark, May 7-12, 1973. (Courtesy of Svend Kreiner.) For complete text see Memo # 1973-2 PDF (267 KB).
#1977 On Specific Objectivity: An Attempt at Formalizing the Request for Generality and Validity of Scientific Statements. Georg Rasch, 1977. For complete text see Memo #18.
#1979 Letter to Ben Wright regarding development of the Rasch model. Georg Rasch, 1979. For complete text see Memo # 1979 PDF (250 KB).
#1979 Fragments of Letters between Georg Rasch and Ben Wright regarding development of the Rasch model. Georg Rasch & Benjamin D. Wright, 1964-1979. For complete text see Memo # 1979-2 PDF (1 MB).
#1980 Probabilistic Models: Foreword and Preface. Benjamin D. Wright, Georg Rasch, 1960. For complete text see Memo # 63.
#2003 Essays on Georg Rasch and his contributions to statistics 2003. Ph.D. thesis, Lina Wøhlk Olsen.

Measurement Essentials

Measurement Essentials 2nd Edition by Benjamin Wright & Mark Stone Copyright © Benjamin Wright & Mark Stone, 1999 Reproduced with permission: Permission to copy is granted. Originally published by Wide Range, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware (Full substantive text: me-all.pdf 29MB)
Title Title Page Foreword Foreword Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Idea of Measurement Chapter 2 Objectivity Chapter 3 The Idea of a Variable Chapter 4 Deducing the Measurement Model Chapter 5 Turning Scores into Measures Chapter 6 How Variables are Constructed Chapter 7 Fit Analysis Chapter 8 Identifying Item Bias Chapter 9 Control Lines for Item Plots Chapter 10 Information Function and Misfit Sensitivity Chapter 11 Connecting Tests Chapter 12 Building Scholastic Variables		Chapter 13 Item Banking Chapter 14 Variable Mapping Chapter 15 Estimating Item Calibrations and Person Measures Chapter 16 Parameter Estimation Chapter 17 Information and Misfit Analysis Chapter 18 Separation Statistics Chapter 19 Reliability and Separation (also Memo #53) Chapter 20 Validity Chapter 21 Scoring Models Chapter 22 Dimensionality Chapter 23 Quality Control Plots for Evaluating Co-Relations Chapter 24 Guessing Chapter 25 Explaining Validity and Reliability Chapter 26 The Steps to Measurement References References

Insights from Measurement Research Associates
How Much Does Test Difficulty Change Across Years? - Mary Lunz Time Usage and Candidate Outcomes on Multiple Choice Examinations - Phil Higgins Time Allocation for Oral Examinations - Phil Higgins Reliability of Oral Certification Examinations - Surintorn Suanthong Deleting Items Improves Reliability on Multiple Choice Examinations - Mary Lunz Consistency of Common Item p-Values across Multiple Choice Exam Administrations - Ross Brown Criterion Referenced Standard Setting for Multiple Choice Examinations - Tara McNaughton Targeting Multiple Choice Examinations for Accurate Outcomes - Ross Brown The Measurement of Examiner Consistency - Lidia Martinez Reliability for Multiple Choice Examinations - Surintorn Suanthong Differences in Candidate Performance Across Oral Exam Formats - Ross Brown Test Length and Test Reliability for Multiple Choice Examinations - Mary E. Lunz Multiple Choice Items: Cognitive Skills Tested - Tara McNaughton Repeating Candidate Performance on Re-Used Protocols - Mary Lunz Item Difficulty and Time Usage - Phil Higgins Time Usage and Candidate Performance - Lidia Martinez Practice Analysis Issues and Methods - Tara McNaughton How Examiners of Different Severity Grade Candidates of Different Ability - Lidia Martinez Consequences of Flawed Items - Ross Brown Candidate Measured Ability and Use of Time - Phil Higgins Test Equating For Comparable Passing Standards - Mary Lunz Using The Very Useful Wright Map - Mary Lunz The Relationship between Examiner Severity and Consistency - Lidia Martinez Comparison of Item Performance with Large and Small Samples - Mary Lunz Alternative Item Formats For Computer Based Testing - Mary Lunz

Insights from Measurement Research Associates

How Much Does Test Difficulty Change Across Years? - Mary Lunz
Time Usage and Candidate Outcomes on Multiple Choice Examinations - Phil Higgins
Time Allocation for Oral Examinations - Phil Higgins
Reliability of Oral Certification Examinations - Surintorn Suanthong
Deleting Items Improves Reliability on Multiple Choice Examinations - Mary Lunz
Consistency of Common Item p-Values across Multiple Choice Exam Administrations - Ross Brown
Criterion Referenced Standard Setting for Multiple Choice Examinations - Tara McNaughton
Targeting Multiple Choice Examinations for Accurate Outcomes - Ross Brown
The Measurement of Examiner Consistency - Lidia Martinez
Reliability for Multiple Choice Examinations - Surintorn Suanthong
Differences in Candidate Performance Across Oral Exam Formats - Ross Brown
Test Length and Test Reliability for Multiple Choice Examinations - Mary E. Lunz
Multiple Choice Items: Cognitive Skills Tested - Tara McNaughton
Repeating Candidate Performance on Re-Used Protocols - Mary Lunz
Item Difficulty and Time Usage - Phil Higgins
Time Usage and Candidate Performance - Lidia Martinez
Practice Analysis Issues and Methods - Tara McNaughton
How Examiners of Different Severity Grade Candidates of Different Ability - Lidia Martinez
Consequences of Flawed Items - Ross Brown
Candidate Measured Ability and Use of Time - Phil Higgins
Test Equating For Comparable Passing Standards - Mary Lunz
Using The Very Useful Wright Map - Mary Lunz
The Relationship between Examiner Severity and Consistency - Lidia Martinez
Comparison of Item Performance with Large and Small Samples - Mary Lunz
Alternative Item Formats For Computer Based Testing - Mary Lunz

Rasch Models for Measurement in Educational and Psychological Research

Rasch Models for Measurement in Educational and Psychological Research Education Research and Perspectives. Vol. 9, No. 1 June 1982 Reproduced with permission.
Editorial, David Andrich and Graham Douglas, Guest Editors An Unconditional (JMLE) Likelihood Ratio for Testing Item Homogeneity in the Rasch Model, Dr. Jürgen Rost Defining a 'Fear-of-Crime' Variable: A Comparison of Two Rasch Models, Geofferey N. Masters and Benjamin D. Wright. [This is Chapter 7 in "Rating Scale Analysis".] Issues in the Fit of Data to Psychometric Models, Graham Douglas Comparison of Likelihood Ratio χ² and Pearsonian χ² Tests of Fit in the Rasch Model, Richard M. Smith and Larry V. Hedges The Measurement of Change as the Study of the Rate of Change, Barry V. Kissane Using the Linear Logistic Test Model to Investigate a Discourse-based Model of Reading Comprehension, S. L. Latimer An Index of Person Separation in Latent Trait Theory, the Traditional KR-20 Index, and the Guttman Scale Response Pattern, David Andrich Person Fit and Person Reliability, Richard C. Bell Research Note: Detecting a Response Set to Likert-style Attitude Items with the Rating Model, Leonie J. Rennie

Rasch Models for Measurement in Educational and Psychological Research
Education Research and Perspectives. Vol. 9, No. 1 June 1982
Reproduced with permission.

Editorial, David Andrich and Graham Douglas, Guest Editors
An Unconditional (JMLE) Likelihood Ratio for Testing Item Homogeneity in the Rasch Model, Dr. Jürgen Rost
Defining a 'Fear-of-Crime' Variable: A Comparison of Two Rasch Models, Geofferey N. Masters and Benjamin D. Wright. [This is Chapter 7 in "Rating Scale Analysis".]
Issues in the Fit of Data to Psychometric Models, Graham Douglas
Comparison of Likelihood Ratio χ² and Pearsonian χ² Tests of Fit in the Rasch Model, Richard M. Smith and Larry V. Hedges
The Measurement of Change as the Study of the Rate of Change, Barry V. Kissane
Using the Linear Logistic Test Model to Investigate a Discourse-based Model of Reading Comprehension, S. L. Latimer
An Index of Person Separation in Latent Trait Theory, the Traditional KR-20 Index, and the Guttman Scale Response Pattern, David Andrich
Person Fit and Person Reliability, Richard C. Bell
Research Note: Detecting a Response Set to Likert-style Attitude Items with the Rating Model, Leonie J. Rennie

Popular Measurement

Popular Measurement 1:1, 1998, Article , (Full substantive text: pm1-all.pdf 21MB) Purchase printed back-issue	Original Pages	Index PDF: pm1-01.pdf
Rasch Explained
To Whom Are We Talking? The Need for a Primer on "Conversational" Rasch - Rita Bode, Ph.D.	p. 5	pm1-05.pdf
Research Problems - Rasch Solutions - Donna Surges Tatum, Ph.D.	p. 6-8	pm1-06.pdf
Reading Ruler
The Lexile Framework for Reading: A Map to Higher Levels of Achievement - A. Jackson Stenner, Ph.D.	p. 9-11	pm1-09.pdf
Profiles in Measurement
Galton: The First Psychometrician? - Larry Ludlow, Ph.D.	p. 13-14	pm1-13.pdf
Rasch: The Man Behind the Model - Benjamin D. Wright, Ph.D.	p. 15-22	pm1-15.pdf
Wright: The Measure of the Man - John Michael Linacre, Ph.D.	p. 23-25	pm1-23.pdf
Andrich: A Genius From Down Under - Linda Webster, Ph.D.	p. 26	pm1-26.pdf
Some Insights Into Objective Measurement - David Andrich, Ph.D.	p. 27	pm1-27.pdf
Measurement Musings
Methodology and Morality - William P Fisher, Jr., Ph.D.	p. 28	pm1-28.pdf
Rasch Invents Ounces - Ellie Choi, Ph.D.	p. 29	pm1-29.pdf
Rasch's Novel Wisdom - William P Fisher, Jr., Ph.D.	p. 30	pm1-30.pdf
Three Stages of Construct Definition - A. Jackson Stenner, Ph.D. & Ivan Horabin, Ph.D.	p. 31	pm1-31.pdf
Where Do Dimensions Come From? - Benjamin D. Wright, Ph.D.	p. 32	pm1-32.pdf
Testing Testing Testing
"Flow" as a Testing Ideal - Craig Deville, Ph.D.	p. 33	pm1-33.pdf
A Savvy Test-taker - Thomas O'Neill	p. 33	pm1-33.pdf
What is the "Right" Test Length? - Benjamin D. Wright, Ph.D.	p. 34	pm1-34.pdf
Cross-Language Test Equating - Richard Woodcock, Ph.D. & Ana Munoz-Sandoval, Ph.D.	p. 35	pm1-35.pdf
CAT and Test-Wiseness - Richard Gershon, Ph.D. & Betty Bergstrom, Ph.D.	p. 37	pm1-37.pdf
Web-Enhanced Testing - Richard Gershon, Ph.D.	p. 38-39	pm1-38.pdf
Games People Play
How Good Was Bobby Fischer in 1992? - John Michael Linacre, Ph.D.	p. 40	pm1-40.pdf
Objective Analysis of Golf - Patrick Fisher, M.A.	p. 41-42	pm1-41.pdf
Anatomy of Assessment
Assessment : What is it? Why do we need it? How do we use it? - Roy Berko, D.Ed. & Linda Webster, Ph.D.	p. 43-44	pm1-43.pdf
Public Speaking Assessment for College Students - William W Neher, Ph.D. & Debbi Grew, M.A.	p. 45-46	pm1-45.pdf
Student Progress? Prove It! - Donna Surges Tatum, Ph.D.	p. 47-51	pm1-47.pdf
Rehab Measurement
Health Care Outcome Measurement - William P Fisher, Jr., Ph.D.	p. 52-54	pm1-52.pdf
Instantaneous Measurement and Diagnosis - John Michael Linacre, Ph.D.	p. 55-59	pm1-55.pdf
Raters & Rating Scales
Rating Scales and Shared Meaning - Winifred Lopez, Ph.D.	p. 60	pm1-60.pdf
Rating Scales Categories : Dichotomy, Double Dichotomy, and the Number Two - Mark H. Stone, Ph.D.	p. 61-65	pm1-61.pdf
Teaching
Measure Accuracy : Functioning-Level vs. Grade-Level Testing - George Ingebo, Ph.D.	p. 66-68	pm1-66.pdf
Biological Evolution : A Tough Nut to Crack for Biology Teachers in Singapore? - Yew-Jin, Lee Ph.D. & Oon-chye, Yeoh, Ph.D.	p. 69-72	pm1-69.pdf
A Secondary Scoring Mechanism to Study Change - Winifred Lopez, Ph.D.	p. 73-74	pm1-73.pdf
Psychology
Pay Attention! Screening for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in College Students - Everett V Smith, Jr., Ph.D.	p. 75-77	pm1-75.pdf
What is in the Criminal's Mind? A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words - George Karabastos, Ph.D.	p. 78	pm1-78.pdf

Popular Measurement 2:1, 1999, Article (Full substantive text: pm2-all.pdf 16MB) Purchase printed back-issue	Original Pages	Index PDF: pm2-01.pdf
Profiles in Measurement
Newton: Pinball Wizard - Larry H. Ludlow & Kathleen A. Haley	p. 5-7	pm2-05.pdf
John Michael Linacre : The Man Behind The Code - Ellen Sullivan Woods	p. 8-9	pm2-08.pdf
Measurement Spotlight
The Sound Of Music - David Moulton & Mark Moulton	p. 10-16	pm2-10.pdf
Games People Play
What Are The Odds? Measuring College Basketball - John Michael Linacre	p. 17-18	pm2-17.pdf
Measuring Mountains - Ryan Bowles	p. 19-21	pm2-19.pdf
Anatomy of Assessment
Assessment: Coming Of Age - Sherwyn E Morreale & Philip A. Backlund	p. 22-23	pm2-22.pdf
Is More Better? Measuring the Effects of Full-Day Kindergarten - Donna Surges Tatum	p. 24-26	pm2-24.pdf
Speak Up! A College Competency Assessment Tool - Richard Quianthy & Deborah Hefferin	p. 27-30	pm2-27.pdf
Measuring Change In Efficacy - Everett V Smith, Jr., Kimberly Lawless, Leslie Curda & Steven Curda	p. 31-33	pm2-31.pdf
Reading Ruler
One Fish, Two Fish: Rasch Measures Reading Best - Benjamin D. Wright & A. Jackson Stenner	p. 34-38	pm2-34.pdf
Lexile Perspectives - Benjamin D. Wright & A. Jackson Stenner	p. 39-40	pm2-39.pdf
Using Lexiles - Benjamin D. Wright & A. Jackson Stenner	p. 41-42	pm2-41.pdf
Testing Testing Testing
Rasch At Work - Betty A. Bergstrom & John A. Stahl	p. 43	pm2-43.pdf
Testing Smarter With Technology? - Anne Wendt	p. 44-45	pm2-44.pdf
Judging Judges
Adjusting For Rather Severity Over Time - Thomas R. O'Neill	p. 46-47	pm2-46.pdf
A Longitudinal Study of judge Leniency - Mary E. Lunz	p. 48-49	pm2-48.pdf
Psychology
Putting The Psych In Psychometrics - Larry H. Ludlow	p. 50-51	pm2-50.pdf
Attention Please! Dimensions of Attention Deficit - Everett V Smith, Jr.	p. 52-53	pm2-52.pdf
Is A Rose A Rose? - Kelly Minor	p. 54-56	pm2-54.pdf
Rehab Measurement
Adding It Up: Improved Outcomes and Economic Development - William E Fisher, Jr.	p. 57-59	pm2-57.pdf
Continuum of Care: Measuring Medical Rehabilitation Outcomes - Carl V Granger, M.D.	p. 60-62	pm2-60.pdf

Popular Measurement 3:1, 2000, Article (Full substantive text pm3-all.pdf 19MB) Purchase printed back-issue	Original Pages	Index PDF: pm3-01.pdf
Profiles in Measurement
Fechner: The Man in the Mask - Larry H. Ludlow & Rose Alvarez-Salvat	p. 5-6	pm3-05.pdf
Thurstone : Measurement For a New Science - Nikolaus Bezruczko	p. 7-11	pm3-07.pdf
Jack Stenner : The Lexile King - Linda J. Webster	p. 12-13	pm3-12.pdf
Reading Ruler
Lexile Perspectives - Benjamin D. Wright & A. Jackson Stenner	p. 14-17	pm3-14.pdf
How the Lexile Framework® Operates - Rick R. Smith	p. 18-19	pm3-18.pdf
The Lexile Community: From Science to Practice - Rick R. Smith	p. 20-21	pm3-20.pdf
Best Practices for Using Lexiles - Barbara R. Blackburn	p. 22-24	pm3-22.pdf
A Spanish Version ofThe Lexile Framework® for Reading - Ellie Sanford	p. 25-26	pm3-25.pdf
Measurement Musings
The Shift from Modeling Observations to Applying Theory - Thomas R. O'Neill	p. 27-29	pm3-27.pdf
Statistics versus Measurement? - Keith M. McCoy	p. 30	pm3-30.pdf
What Works for Me - Rita K. Bode	p. 31	pm3-31.pdf
Research and Practice: Bundled Bedfellows - Robert L. Durrah, Jr.	p. 32-33	pm3-32.pdf
Measurement Spotlight
Just Say "No!" The Impact of Negation in Survey Research - Marci Morrow Enos	p. 34-39	pm3-34.pdf
Testing Testing Testing
A Standard Vision - Gregory E. Stone	p. 40-41	pm3-40.pdf
Precision Versus Practicality - Cindy Brito	p. 42-43	pm3-42.pdf
An Introduction to Three Item Testing - Kirk Becker	p. 44-46	pm3-44.pdf
A Review of CAT Review - Renata Sekula-Wacura	p. 47-49	pm3-47.pdf
Factors that Impact Analytic Skill Ratings - Jessica Heineman-Pieper & Mary E. Lunz	p. 50-52	pm3-50.pdf
Crime & Punishment
Thurstone's Crime Scale Re-Visited - Mark H. Stone	p. 53-54	pm3-53.pdf
Toward a Definition of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - SuzyVance & Anne Wendt	p. 55-57	pm3-55.pdf
Raters & Rating Scales
Survey Design Recommendations - William P Fisher, Jr.	p. 58-60	pm3-58.pdf
Rasch Analysis for Surveys - Ben Wright	p. 61	pm3-61.pdf
Expert Panels, Consumers, and Chemistry - Thomas K. Rehfeldt	p. 62-64	pm3-62.pdf
Objective Measurement of Subjective Well-being - Elizabeth A. Hahn	p. 65-67	pm3-65.pdf
Culture Shift: Managing Change in the Hospital Setting - Judy Schueler and Donna Surges Tatum	p. 68-69	pm3-68.pdf
Psychometric Ponderings
Using Rasch Measures For Rasch Model Fit Analysis - George Karabatsos	p. 70-71	pm3-70.pdf
Classroom Classics
Classic Instructional Handouts of Professor Benjamin D. Wright - Matthew Enos	p. 72	pm3-72.pdf
What's to Learn in Psychometrics? - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 73	pm3-73.pdf
Three "Cs" to Meaning: The Big Picture - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 74	pm3-74.pdf
The Road to Reason - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 75	pm3-75.pdf
Realizations of Measurement - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 76	pm3-76.pdf
Basic Research Methods - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 77	pm3-77.pdf

Popular Measurement 4:1, 2002, Article (Full text pm4.pdf 2MB)	Original Pages
Residuals: Trash or Treasure? - Larry H. Ludlow	p. 1-7	pm4-01.pdf
Identifying Problematic Examiners in an Oral Examination - Jessica Heineman-Pieper and Mary E. Lunz	p. 8-12	pm4-08.pdf
Food for Thought from Carnot - William P. Fisher	p. 13-14	pm4-13.pdf
Quality Control in Testing. - Mark H. Stone	p. 15-23	pm4-15.pdf
Rule-based Aptitude Measurement: Artistic Judgment. - Nikolaus Bezruczko and Ambra Borgognoni Vimercati	p. 24-30	pm4-24.pdf
An Introductory Text on Rasch Measurement. - Trevor G. Bond	p. 31-33	pm4-31.pdf
From the Classroom. - Matthew Enos	p. 34	pm4-34.pdf
Four Minds to Life. - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 35	pm4-35.pdf
Rasch Analysis for Surveys. - Benjamin D. Wright	p. 36	pm4-36.pdf

RASCH RESEARCH NOTES

#1 Using Residuals to Estimate the Size and Statistical Significance of Local Bias. John M. Linacre, 1997. For complete text see Note #1.
#2 Guidelines for Rating Scales. John M. Linacre, 1997. For complete text see Note #2.
#3 Judging Plans and Facets. John M. Linacre, 1997. For complete text see Note #3.
#4 Reading BIGSTEPS Output into SPSS. William P. Fisher, Jr., 1997. For complete text see Note #4.
#5 Factor analysis of FIM Residuals. John M. Linacre, 1997. For complete text see Note #5.
#6 Iterations and Convergence of Estimates. John M. Linacre, 1998. For complete text see Note #6.
#7 Principal Components Analysis of Residuals John M. Linacre, 4-22-1999. Handout for COMET presentation.
#8 Norman Campbell's Theory of Fundamental Measurement Thomas Whelan Reese, 1943. Note #8.
#9 Guidelines for Rasch-based Manuscripts, a working paper by John M. Linacre & Richard M. Smith, 2000. Note #9.

RASCH VIDEOS

Professor Benjamin D Wright Compares and Contrasts Factor Analysis and Rasch Measurement Video. 1994. Assessment archives Part 1
Benjamin D Wright and Geoffrey N. Masters discuss the assessment of skill development Video. 1994. Assessment archives Part 2
Rasch Model Explanations (Portland, Oregon) Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1974. https://youtu.be/F5fXszn9Y-0 176MB length: 21:00.
Rasch Model Explanations (Waterbury, Connecticut) Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1984. https://youtu.be/2F4PTgWX14U 672MB length: 1:27:05.
Measurement, Rasch Model and Microscale (precursor to Winsteps) Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1985(?). https://youtu.be/FdtpgMVP1EI 238MB length: 39:56.
The Rasch Model Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1988. https://youtu.be/eF_M1GamQPE 74MB length: 12:23.
Introduction to the Rasch Model Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994.
Parts 1+2+3. https://youtu.be/K8fdBLGfhxc 426MB length: 1:19:16.
Part 1. https://youtu.be/-IyXEryhN6A 180MB length: 30:15.
Part 2. https://youtu.be/Rw5RY7tqVks 164MB length: 26:45.
Part 3. https://youtu.be/SfYr0dkzijw 142MB length: 23:17.
Rasch Model Interview Video. Benjamin D. Wright, 1994 (interviewed by John Michael Linacre). https://youtu.be/iwh70F_kCEI 209MB length: 32:50.
Bigsteps (Rasch Software, precursor to Winsteps) Training Seminar Video. John Michael Linacre, 1995?, videotaped by Thomas O'Neill
Part 1. https://youtu.be/80vVfflQfB8 251MB length: 41:04.
Part 2. https://youtu.be/K_H7s_hMhsY 256MB length: 41:57.
Part 3. https://youtu.be/Ys57BG0tIkE 155MB length: 25:24.
Introduction to Rasch Measurement Video. John Michael Linacre, 2007? https://youtu.be/SIivnjxbHqs 49MB length: 8:17.
Introduction to Rasch Measurement Video (version for China). John Michael Linacre, 2007? https://youtu.be/Vg0z8dbPYRQ 59MB length: 10:03.
The Philosophy of Rasch Measurement Video. John Michael Linacre, 2008? https://youtu.be/VlNt8jqcPZw 20MB length: 10:37.
Many-Facets Rasch Measurement Video. John Michael Linacre, 2010? https://youtu.be/KT0xj0vudSQ 14MB length: 13:58.
Rasch model estimation: Calculationg calibrations and mean-squares with JMLE (Winsteps). John Michael Linacre, 2001
Part 1: https://youtu.be/LvE8npeSjZ0 14MB length: 13:58.
Part 2: https://youtu.be/X2zaib5VDnk 14MB length: 13:58.
Part 3: https://youtu.be/O6xH2lKbWgc 14MB length: 13:58.

RASCH AUDIOS

IRT in the 1990s - Which Models Work Best - Introduction and Ben Wright Opening Statement - Session 11.05 AERA 1992.
1. Introduction and Ben Wright Opening Statement. IRT-Wright.mp3 13MB length: 15:58
  See also edited text
2. Ron Hambleton Opening Statement. IRT-Hambleton-1.mp3 12MB length: 14:32
3. Ron Hambleton continued. IRT-Hambleton-2.mp3 1MB length: 1:44
  See also text summary
4. Discussant Linda Crocker. IRT-Crocker.mp3 10MB length: 11:33
5. Discussant Geoff Masters. IRT-Masters.mp3 9MB length: 11:29
6. Discussant Wim van der Linden. IRT-van-der-Linden-1.mp3 4MB length: 5:04
7. Discussant van der Linden Continued. IRT-van-der-Linden-2.mp3 7MB length: 7:53

Rasch Forum - Rasch on the Run

Not Available

#17 The Use of Measurement Models in the Definition and Application of Social Science Variables. Benjamin D. Wright & Ronald J. Mead, 1977
#20a Best Procedures for Sample-Free Item Analysis. Benjamin D. Wright & Graham A.Douglas, 1977
#21 Rasch Item Analysis by Hand. Benjamin D. Wright & Graham A. Douglas, 1976
This is superseded by Wright & Stone, "Best Test Design", chapter 2
#27 An Equating Study for the PREP Program of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Benjamin D. Wright & Richard J. Rovinelli, 1977
#30 The Measurement of Knowledge and Attitude. Benjamin D. Wright & Geofferey N. Masters, 1981
#31 A Model for Partial Credit Scoring. Geofferey N. Masters & Benjamin D. Wright, 1981
#32 Fair and Useful Testing with Item Banks. Benjamin D. Wright, Susan R. Bell & Ronald J. Mead, 1981
#37 Standards Combining Expert Judgment, Mastery Level and Statistical Confidence. Benjamin D. Wright & Mary E. Lunz, 1987

Rasch publications in Spanish - Español

www.rasch.org/rmt/glosario.htm Rasch Anàlisis - Glosario Español - Spanish Glossary - Español-Inglés del diccionario - Spanish-English Dictionary - Dr. Agustín Tristàn Lòpez

www.rasch.org/diseno.htm Spanish language introduction to Diseño de Mejores Pruebas (Best Test Design)

Book PDF Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - Spanish-language translation of Best Test Design (Wright & Stone, 1979)

Rasch publications in Spanish - Español
www.rasch.org/rmt/glosario.htm	Rasch Anàlisis - Glosario Español - Spanish Glossary - Español-Inglés del diccionario - Spanish-English Dictionary - Dr. Agustín Tristàn Lòpez
www.rasch.org/diseno.htm	Spanish language introduction to Diseño de Mejores Pruebas (Best Test Design)
Book PDF	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - Spanish-language translation of Best Test Design (Wright & Stone, 1979)

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Go to Institute for Objective Measurement Page

Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel

Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.

Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone
Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters

Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

Rasch Books and Publications: Winsteps and Facets

Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland

Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes Rasch Models for Solving Measurement Problems (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M

Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine Winsteps Tutorials - free
Facets Tutorials - free Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan

Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free	An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse	Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua	Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou	El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen
Rasch Books and Publications: Winsteps and Facets
Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Rasch Models for Solving Measurement Problems (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan

FORUM Rasch Measurement Forum to discuss any Rasch-related topic

Coming Rasch-related Events
Apr. 21 - 22, 2025, Mon.-Tue.	International Objective Measurement Workshop (IOMW) - Boulder, CO, www.iomw.net
Jan. 17 - Feb. 21, 2025, Fri.-Fri.	On-line workshop: Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com
Feb. - June, 2025	On-line course: Introduction to Classical Test and Rasch Measurement Theories (D. Andrich, I. Marais, RUMM2030), University of Western Australia
Feb. - June, 2025	On-line course: Advanced Course in Rasch Measurement Theory (D. Andrich, I. Marais, RUMM2030), University of Western Australia
May 16 - June 20, 2025, Fri.-Fri.	On-line workshop: Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com
June 20 - July 18, 2025, Fri.-Fri.	On-line workshop: Rasch Measurement - Further Topics (E. Smith, Facets), www.statistics.com
Oct. 3 - Nov. 7, 2025, Fri.-Fri.	On-line workshop: Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com

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