Measurement of Golf Proficiency

Rasch analysis of golf is simple in concept. Each stroke results in a task done correctly or incorrectly (e.g., the ball lands in the fairway or not). Each stroke can be scored dichotomously. The hole-by-hole scoring of the August 1990 U.S. Open at Medinah Country Club is reported by the United States Golf Association. These data were collected over the four day tournament as the professional players turned in their signed score cards. The 68 players played 18 holes a day over 4 days. They produced 4,896 hole scores.

The Table shows a map of players, holes and days. The winner, Hale Irwin, is at the top. He finished regulation play in a tie with Mike Donald, and then won in a sudden death playoff.

Thursday and Friday are the easiest days with Saturday harder and Sunday almost two standard errors more difficult than Saturday. This shows that most golfers performed less well under the higher pressure of Sunday, the final day of the tournament, as would be expected, given the high stakes involved.

A complicating factor for the hole difficulty is that on each day of the four day tournament the pin placement is changed on each green. This makes the hole either easier or harder to play each day. If this were not done, the holes would become increasingly easier as the players became familiar with them. However, there are no daily increments in pin placement difficulty intended to make the course most difficult on Sunday.

In pre-Open commentary, Curtis Strange picked holes 16, 12, 4, 13 and 7 as the most crucial. In this analysis, holes 16 and 12 were the most difficult, with hole 4 just behind. Hole 13 was the most misfitting (along with hole 17), yielding the most unpredictable hole scores. But hole 7 was consistently easy.

This type of analysis can be made more helpful to golf courses and players by scoring individual strokes. Then players could learn exactly where their strengths and weaknesses lie (driving, the short game, putting, etc.) and discover how the type of hole and course affects their play. They could also measure the effects of changes in their technique and different equipment. Courses could also be handicapped to a degree never before possible, and their design further improved.

Patrick Fisher

Measurement of Golf proficiency. Fisher P. Rasch Measurement Transactions 1994 7:4 p.332

Measurement of Golf proficiency. Fisher P. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1994, 7:4 p.332

Rasch Books and Publications
Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
Other Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free	An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse	Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua	Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou	El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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