Scoring Computerized Patient Simulations

The National Board of Medical Examiners is developing a computerized patient simulation examination (CBX). During 1989 and 1990, major field tests have provided data with which to evaluate the CBX cases and scoring procedures.

CBX provides an uncued, unstructured, interactive patient management problem. The examinee types his treatment requests into the computer. The requested actions are matched against 3000 recognized actions. Scoring keys specify actions that a scoring committee felt were essential to do, or to avoid, in the assessment and management of the patient. Partial credit scoring is used to reward timeliness, sequencing and appropriateness. Each patient case is calibrated separately (currently by MSTEPS, soon to be done by FACETS). The missing data algorithms in these calibration programs enable the use of items that do not apply to all examinees. Examinee ability estimates obtained from each patient case are averaged to provide an examinee's final measure.

Since Fall, 1989, CBX examinations in Obstetrics/Gynecology and Surgery have been provided to interested medical schools along with their purchased paper-and-pencil subject examinations. Over 415 examinees have been tested in Ob/Gyn and over 300 in Surgery.

The reliability of the examination is estimated from the consistency of eight case scores. With average inter-case correlations of .35, the Ob/Gyn examination has reliability .80 and the Surgery examination .75.

Rasch analysis is essential in validating CBX. During the key- validation process the scoring keys are reevaluated by a scoring committee. The committee treats the case as though they were an examinee, reviews a Rasch-generated map of the item difficulties and then considers items that either 1) misfit, 2) are unexpectedly difficult, or 3) show no scoring in middle categories. Often the source of misfit can be identified in the definition of the item, e.g. it was required that this action be requested after that, but the high scorers requested them at the same time. In addition, unanticipated actions are reviewed for possible inclusion in the key, usually as a risk to be avoided.

Scoring Computerized Patient Simulations, E Julian … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1990, 4:3 p. 116

Rasch Books and Publications
Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
Other Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free	An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse	Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua	Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou	El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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