Quotations

"When the Rasch model is intended to hold because of its special measurement properties, failure of the data to conform to the model implies further work on the substantive problem of scale construction, not on the identification of a more complex model that might account for the data."
David Andrich in Rasch Models for Measurement. 1988. p.86. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Excerpt from a brochure for Microscale (1984-1986, authors Benjamin D. Wright and John M. Linacre), the first Rasch program that handled missing data. It was PC-based and integrated with either the SuperCalc spreadsheet or the SYSTAT statistical package.

What does a score mean?

How can we turn performance ratings, test results, questionnaires or counts of behavioral activities into measurements with the same meaning as meters or grams have for physical attributes?

This is a major problem which faces many educators, social scientists, pollsters, human resource managers, market research specialists and others attempting to examine attributes which can only be measured indirectly by observing an interaction in some natural or artificial situation.

For instance, the measurement of math competency in a student cannot be done directly, but is generally done by creating the artificial situation of a math test, and observing the interactions between the student and the math questions. The examiner then wants to turn the resulting record of correct and incorrect responses into a measure of the student's competency.

Microscale constructs such measures. These measures have the same characteristics of fundamental measurement that meters and grams have. So that when observations are of a one-dimensional abstraction, such as an individual's competency, attitude or purchasing behavior, using Microscale -

* they can be represented by linear magnitudes

* more or less comparisons can be made directly

* the measuring process is independent of which particular agents and objects take part

* agents and objects can be represented on the same scale

* a unit of measurement anywhere on the scale represents the same amount of change

Quotations … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1989, 3:1 passim

Rasch Books and Publications
Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
Other Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free	An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse	Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua	Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou	El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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