Item Discrimination and Rasch-Andrich Thresholds

Rasch dichotomous items are modeled to have the same (or known) discrimination. The inter-adjacent-category discrimination of polytomous Rasch items is also modeled to be the same (or known), but the overall discrimination of polytomous items depends on the distance between its Rasch-Andrich thresholds and so can vary across items and instruments..

Consider a five category rating scale, modeled by a set of 4 equally spaced Rasch-Andrich thresholds. Then the overall item discrimination can vary from very steep to almost flat depending on the distance between the threshold values.

The plot shows the relationship between uniform threshold spacing, x, and the item-discrimination slope, a, of an equivalent logistic ogive with the range y = 0-4 score points given by

A discrimination of a ≥ 1.0 implies that the polytomy is equivalent to summing 4 independent dichotomous 0-1 items. When a = 1.0 the items are of equal difficulty. When the inter-threshold distance is negative, the Rasch-Andrich threshold are "disordered".

It can be seen that one advantage of using Rasch polytomies over independent dichotomous items is that a polytomy can provide higher item discrimination while maintaining the desirable measurement properties of a Rasch model. This is useful for items targeting pass-fail decisions and computer-adaptive testing. This is also one situation in which disordered thresholds can be advantageous.

John Michael Linacre

Item Discrimination and Rasch-Andrich Thresholds, Linacre J.M. Linacre J.M. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2006, 20:1 p. 1054

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Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
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Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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