Item Discrimination and Infit Mean-Squares

Descriptive approaches to item analysis parameterize differing central slopes in the empirical item characteristic curves (ICCs) as Item Discrimination, a. Rasch approaches detect differing slopes with quality-control fit statistics, most commonly the Infit mean-square (INFIT) statistic, an information-weighted chi-square statistic divided by its degrees of freedom. What is the numerical correspondence between INFIT and discrimination?

Before such an investigation can have meaning, obvious malfunctions in the data such as guessing, carelessness, data entry errors and mis-scoring are screened out. Then, Figure below shows various idealized ICCs, plotted in the region of the latent variable on which the item is targeted. The box covers the region equivalent to p=.15 to p=.85 of the Rasch ogive, i.e., -1.7 to +1.7 logits. Discrimination a=1 is the Rasch ogive for a dichotomous item, and is shown extending beyond the box. Empirical ICCs outside the box are better diagnosed by the Outfit Mean-square statistics and point-biserial correlation.

A simulation study produces the relationship shown in the Figure above. Central item discriminations from 0.5 to 1.7 produce good fit to the Rasch model, provided the part of the ICC away from the center is in reasonable conformance. This suggests that, for reasonably homogeneous items, empirical differences in item discrimination have no meaningful impact on measurement.

John Michael Linacre

First, divide the sample into two strata (high and low). Second, compute the percentage of each strata succeeding on each item. Third, locate the two percentage points, one on each side of the nomograph. Fourth, the item discrimination is at the point where a line joining the two points crosses the middle line.
C.H. Lawshe, Jr. Principles of Personnel Testing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948, p. 190

Item Discrimination and Infit Mean-Squares. Linacre, J.M. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 2000, 14:2 p.743

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Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
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Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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