Needed: Test-free Scaling!

"Recent developments in psychophysics tacitly tend towards a new position, ... in which a definition for a sensation scale is not fixed in advance, but rather in which formal criteria are established to provide guidelines for a decision on such a definition [axioms of measurement]. Several formulations have been suggested ... All have in common their author's conviction that it would be unfortunate to have several scales of sensation depending on the number of tasks, methods, or paradigms provided. Instead, the appealing feature is the ability to merge all different scales into one scale, which will then gain the status of a valid sensation scale. [test-free scaling]

"Clearly, a primary aspect of this position is economy of explanatory concepts. In this respect it is harmonious with current views in the philosophy of science, according to which the guiding principle in scientific concept formation is richness of empirical content [large universe of possible items] and predictive power. Therefore, a theory of sensation that establishes a task-independent scale will have a 'progressive' quality in comparison with others.

"With the prospect of the development of a framework for merging scales ahead, the real problem is, of course, determining how the convergence of scales is to be accomplished, if, indeed, it can be accomplished at all [Take heart- Rasch to the rescue!]. Obviously, it will not do merely to seek sophisticated transformation schemes by which scales of different types can be related [descriptive techniques]... because interscale transformations do not tell us to which basic scales the others should be adapted [i.e., which scale usefully represents the construct]."

Bernd Wegener (1982) Introduction, In Social Attitudes and Psychophysical Measurement, B Wegener (Ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, p. 4.
Courtesy of William P. Fisher. Jr.

Needed: Test-free Scaling! Wegener B. … Rasch Measurement Transactions, 1997, 11:1 p. 543.

Rasch Books and Publications
Invariant Measurement: Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 2nd Edn. George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang	Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene	Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver	Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone	Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes	Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green	Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind	Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M	Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind	Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine	Winsteps Tutorials - free Facets Tutorials - free	Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets) - free, J.M. Linacre	Fairness, Justice and Language Assessment (Winsteps, Facets), McNamara, Knoch, Fan
Other Rasch-Related Resources: Rasch Measurement YouTube Channel
Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free	An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse	Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua	Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou	El modelo métrico de Rasch: Fundamentación, implementación e interpretación de la medida en ciencias sociales (Spanish Edition), Manuel González-Montesinos M.
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar	Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch	Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich	Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson	Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias	Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design	A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais	Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba	Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen

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